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Releasing genetic sequence of virus important for vaccine development
公布对疫苗研制重要的病毒基因序列
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Dr. Glen Gaulton interviews on CGTN
Glen Gaulton 博士接受CGTN采访
Chinese officials released the genetic sequence of the virus in early January. Since then, scientists in Australia were able to recreate the virus in a lab. Dr. Glen Gaulton, the head of the Center for Global Health at the University of Pennsylvania, sees the release of the genetic sequence as a very importance step. He said during the past two-or-three years, new methods of developing vaccines directly from the genetic sequence of virus have been created. With the sequence known, the development of experimental vaccines can progress very rapidly. He also helps us to explain to what extent some of the drugs being experimented with are proving effective against the new coronavirus.
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中国官方在1月初公布了该病毒的基因序列。从那时起，澳大利亚的科学家们就可以在实验室里重现这种病毒。宾夕法尼亚大学全球卫生中心主任Glen Gaulton博士认为，基因序列的公布是非常重要的一步。他讲到，在过去的两三年里，直接从病毒的基因序列中研制疫苗的诸多新方法已经被发明出来。在已知序列的情况下，实验性疫苗的开发可以非常迅速。他还帮助我们解释了一些正在试验的药物在多大程度上被证明对新型冠状病毒有效。
Dr. Glen Gaulton
Vice Dean and Director of the Center for Global Health at Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
医学院副院长及全球卫生中心主任
宾夕法尼亚大学
Education/教育背景:B.S. (Biology, With Honors) University Of California, Santa Barbara, 1974. Ph.D. (Biochemistry/Molecular Biology) University Of California, Santa Barbara, 1981.
1974年获得加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校 本科学位（生物学，优秀荣誉毕业生） 。1981年获得加利福尼亚大学圣巴巴拉分校 博士学位（生物化学/分子生物学）。
Description of Research Expertise
Research Interest/研究专业领域：
Global Health, Education Program Building, Lymphocyte development and retroviral pathology
全球卫生、教育项目建设、淋巴细胞发育和逆转录病毒病理学
Keywords: Lymphocyte Development, Retrovirus Pathology, HIV-1, Imaging, Diagnostics
关键词：淋巴细胞发育、逆转录病毒病理学、HIV-1、成像、诊断
Research Techniques/研究技术:Molecular genetics, cell biology, imaging, diagnostics, virology, immunology
分子遗传学、细胞生物学、成像、诊断学、病毒学、免疫学
Research Summary/研究摘要:The interests of the Gaulton laboratory focus on an increased understanding of the molecular processes that regulate the infection and pathology of retroviruses, such as HIV, the impact of these infections on the immune system, and the detection of these infections using novel imaging and diagnostic approaches.
More specifically, the laboratory has investigated the effects of human and, as experimental models, murine retroviruses during active infection of adult, pediatric and neonatal subjects. Recent results have identified the primary mechanisms whereby retroviruses induce cell destruction through cell-cell fusion, also know as syncytia formation. The laboratory has pioneered the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to detect HIV infection within cells and is now applying these techniques to in vivo, whole body imaging of active infections. Lastly, using state-of-the-art engineering technology, the laboratory is developing highly sensitive yet mobile, hand-held devices to detect HIV infection in blood. These devices are critical for diagnosing new infections, and to monitor HIV levels in patients undergoing active therapy and/or participating in vaccine trials. Other functions of Dr. Gaulton relate to the planning and oversight of Penn Medicine’s world-wide global health programs.
Gaulton实验室（Gaulton laboratory）的研究方向专注在加深认识调节逆转录病毒（如HIV）感染和病理的分子过程、此类感染对免疫系统的影响以及使用新的成像和诊断方法对此类感染进行检测。
具体而言，实验室已经研究调查了对人类的影响，并作为实验模型研究调查了小鼠逆转录病毒在对成人、儿童和新生儿受试者进行活动性感染时的情况。最近的结果已经确定了逆转录病毒通过细胞融合诱导细胞破坏的主要机制，也被称为合胞形成。该实验室已率先使用磁共振成像（MRI）技术来检测细胞内的HIV感染，目前正在将这些技术应用于活动性感染的体内、全身成像。最后，利用最先进的工程技术，实验室正在开发高敏度但可移动的便携式手持设备，以检测血液中的艾滋病毒感染。这些设备对于诊断新感染和监测正在接受积极治疗和/或参与疫苗试验的患者的艾滋病毒水平至关重要。高尔顿博士的其他职能涉及宾夕法尼亚大学医学院全球卫生项目的规划和监督相关工作。